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ISB (International Shoulder Group) Shoulder Protocol

The ISB, the International Shoulder Group and the Delft University have proposed a protocol for the study of shoulder mechanics. The protocol provides a definition of local coordinates systems for each of the relevant body segments including trunk, clavicle, scapula and humerus. It also identifies alternative methods for determining the location of the gleno-humeral joint center of rotation. Finally, it suggests Euler angle rotation sequences to be used when reporting the movement of segments.

• *NEW* Provides support of passive optical markers utilizing the C3D Model Builder or real-time stream of a fixed marker set
• Eases implementation of the protocol with a series of drop down menus that guide the user through each step of the protocol.
• Permits attachment of sensors to trunk, clavicle, scapula and humerus using surface markers, bone pins, or "scapula locators" as suggested by the protocol.
• Provides for digitization of local coordinate axes for each segment using the landmarks specified by the protocol or alternatives as determined by the researcher.
• Supports location of the gleno-humeral joint center by digitization of a centroid, rotation of the humerus, or by offset from scapular landmarks determined by the regression analysis of Meskers et. al.
• Reports Euler angles relative to any reference frame including the world and each of the other segments and allows the user to specify any Euler angle rotation sequence.

This image on the left shows each of the anatomical landmarks associated with the ISB recommendations. The screen capture on the right shows an activity where a subject was instrumented with sensors on the thorax, right scapula and right humerus. The graphs on the right show the proposed Euler angle sequence for elevation relative to scapula and thorax as well as the helical axis relative to thorax.

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